Publications Andrea LITVINOV

2025

Articles

• E. Poli, A. Litvinov, E. Casotti, C. Ulm, L. Klaus, M. J. Mark, G. Lamporesi, T. Bland, F. Ferlaino Synchronization in rotating supersolids, Nature Phys. (2025-10-23), http://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.11976 doi:10.48550/arXiv.2412.11976 (ID: 721565) Toggle Abstract
  Synchronization is a widespread phenomenon in natural and engineered systems, governing the emergence of collective dynamics in different domains including biology and classical and quantum physics. In quantum many-body systems, synchronization has emerged as a tool to probe out-of-equilibrium behaviour and internal correlations. Supersolids—quantum phases that combine crystalline order and superfluidity—offer a platform to explore synchronization in systems with coexisting broken symmetries. Here we investigate the dynamics of a dipolar supersolid subjected to external rotation. We show that, above a critical driving frequency, the crystal revolution undergoes a sudden synchronization with the rotating field seeded by the nucleation of quantized vortices, hallmark of superfluidity. This transition reflects the interplay between the solid-like and superfluid responses of the system. By comparing simulations of the extended Gross–Pitaevskii equation with experimental observations, we demonstrate that synchronization can serve as a dynamical indicator for vortex nucleation. This approach provides a complementary method to determine the critical rotation frequency for vortex formation in supersolids.
• H. Ahmed, A. Litvinov, P. Guesdon, E. Maréchal, J. Huckans, B. Pasquiou, B. Laburthe-Tolra, M. Robert-de-Saint-Vincent Coherent control over the high-dimensional space of the nuclear spin of alkaline-earth atoms, PRX Quantum (2025-06-19), http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.6.020352 doi:10.1103/PRXQuantum.6.020352 (ID: 721569) Toggle Abstract
  We demonstrate coherent manipulation of the nuclear degrees of freedom of ultracold ground-state strontium 87 atoms, thus providing a toolkit for fully exploiting the corresponding large Hilbert space as a quantum resource and for quantum simulation experiments with SU(N)-symmetric matter. By controlling the resonance conditions of Raman transitions with a tensor light shift, we can perform rotations within a restricted Hilbert space of two isolated spin states among the 2F+1 = 10 possible states. These manipulations correspond to engineering unitary operations deriving from generators of the SU(N) algebra beyond what can be done by simple spin precession. We present Ramsey interferometers involving an isolated pair of Zeeman states with no measurable decoherence after 3 seconds. We also demonstrate that one can harvest the large spin degrees of freedom as a qudit resource by implementing two interferometer schemes over four states. The first scheme senses in parallel multiple external fields acting on the atoms, and the second scheme simultaneously measures multiple observables of a collective atomic state - including non-commuting ones. Engineering unitary transformations of the large spin driven by other generators than the usual spin-F representation of the SU(2) group offers new possibilities from the point of view of quantum metrology and quantum many-body physics, notably for the quantum simulation of large-spin SU(N)-symmetric quantum magnetism with fermionic alkaline-earth atoms.

Preprint

• H. Ahmed, A. Litvinov, P. Guesdon, E. Maréchal, J. Huckans, B. Pasquiou, B. Laburthe-Tolra, M. Robert-de-Saint-Vincent Coherent control over the high-dimensional space of the nuclear spin of alkaline-earth atoms, (2025-01-03), http://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2501.01731 doi:10.48550/arXiv.2501.01731 (ID: 721357) Toggle Abstract
  We demonstrate coherent manipulation of the nuclear degrees of freedom of ultracold ground-state strontium 87 atoms, thus providing a toolkit for fully exploiting the corresponding large Hilbert space as a quantum resource and for quantum simulation experiments with SU(N)-symmetric matter. By controlling the resonance conditions of Raman transitions with a tensor light shift, we can perform rotations within a restricted Hilbert space of two isolated spin states among the 2F+1 = 10 possible states. These manipulations correspond to engineering unitary operations deriving from generators of the SU(N) algebra beyond what can be done by simple spin precession. We present Ramsey interferometers involving an isolated pair of Zeeman states with no measurable decoherence after 3 seconds. We also demonstrate that one can harvest the large spin degrees of freedom as a qudit resource by implementing two interferometer schemes over four states. The first scheme senses in parallel multiple external fields acting on the atoms, and the second scheme simultaneously measures multiple observables of a collective atomic state - including non-commuting ones. Engineering unitary transformations of the large spin driven by other generators than the usual spin-F representation of the SU(2) group offers new possibilities from the point of view of quantum metrology and quantum many-body physics, notably for the quantum simulation of large-spin SU(N)-symmetric quantum magnetism with fermionic alkaline-earth atoms.

2024

Article

• E. Casotti, E. Poli, L. Klaus, A. Litvinov, C. Ulm, C. Politi, M. J. Mark, T. Bland, F. Ferlaino Observation of vortices in a dipolar supersolid, Nature 635 331 (2024-11-06), http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08149-7 doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08149-7 (ID: 721336) Toggle Abstract
  Supersolids are states of matter that spontaneously break two continuous symmetries: translational invariance owing to the appearance of a crystal structure and phase invariance owing to phase locking of single-particle wavefunctions, responsible for superfluid phenomena. Although originally predicted to be present in solid helium1,2,3,4,5, ultracold quantum gases provided a first platform to observe supersolids6,7,8,9,10, with particular success coming from dipolar atoms8,9,10,11,12. Phase locking in dipolar supersolids has been investigated through, for example, measurements of the phase coherence8,9,10 and gapless Goldstone modes13, but quantized vortices, a hydrodynamic fingerprint of superfluidity, have not yet been observed. Here, with the prerequisite pieces at our disposal, namely a method to generate vortices in dipolar gases14,15 and supersolids with two-dimensional crystalline order11,16,17, we report on the theoretical investigation and experimental observation of vortices in the supersolid phase (SSP). Our work reveals a fundamental difference in vortex seeding dynamics between unmodulated and modulated quantum fluids. This opens the door to study the hydrodynamic properties of exotic quantum systems with numerous spontaneously broken symmetries, in disparate domains such as quantum crystals and neutron stars18.

Preprint

• E. Poli, A. Litvinov, E. Casotti, C. Ulm, L. Klaus, M. J. Mark, G. Lamporesi, T. Bland, F. Ferlaino Synchronization in rotating supersolids, (2024-12-16), http://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.11976 doi:10.48550/arXiv.2412.11976 (ID: 721335) Toggle Abstract
  Synchronization is ubiquitous in nature at various scales and fields. This phenomenon not only offers a window into the intrinsic harmony of complex systems, but also serves as a robust probe for many-body quantum systems. One such system is a supersolid: an exotic state that is simultaneously superfluid and solid. Here, we show that putting a supersolid under rotation leads to a synchronization of the crystal's motion to an external driving frequency triggered by quantum vortex nucleation, revealing the system's dual solid-superfluid response. Benchmarking the theoretical framework against experimental observations, we exploit this model as a novel method to investigate the critical frequency required for vortex nucleation. Our results underscore the utility of synchronization as a powerful probe for quantum systems.