Discoveries from quantum simulation: Deep thermalization and plasma in a lattice gauge theory

Talk

I will talk about two recent discoveries from analog quantum simulation on a 60-atom Rydberg atom array: Deep thermalization and plasma dynamics in a lattice gauge theory, both theoretical concepts stemming from initial experimental observation. Deep thermalization refers to universal behavior in quantum chaotic systems that are revealed by global projective measurements in quantum devices. We discover a finite-temperature counterpart to the Haar
ensemble which is governed by a maximum entropy principle, and we develop a number of practical tools from this line of study.
We also discover plasma dynamics in a lattice gauge theory naturally realized in Rydberg blockaded dynamics, revealing non-equilibrium dynamics of simple collective modes which persist at infinite temperature. Techniques from quantum optics and quantum information reveal a theoretical framework which encompasses both our observations and many-body scarring, which show up as coherent states of the plasma.
Based on Phys. Rev. X 14, 041051 (2024) and arXiv:2510.11679.

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